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橡樹嶺領(lǐng)軍碳纖維研究
2009-12-21  來源: 復(fù)材在線
關(guān)鍵詞:碳纖維研究 橡樹嶺

圖為:微波輔助等離子體的碳纖維(來源:ORNL)

  美國能源部(DOE)能源效率與可再生能源辦公室(Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)近日宣布,計(jì)劃投入3,470萬美元在橡樹嶺國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室(ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA)創(chuàng)立一個(gè)碳纖維科技中心。該項(xiàng)目將促進(jìn)低成本碳纖維在復(fù)合材料領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。

    橡樹嶺實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任Thom Mason評(píng)價(jià)說:“碳纖維科技中心的建立將推動(dòng)輕型汽車的制造,這意味著使用更少的汽油燃料,并釋放更少的二氧化碳,同時(shí),兼具舒適性、安全性和優(yōu)越的性能于一身。這些都將成為橡樹嶺實(shí)驗(yàn)室汽車和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究課題的重中之重,通過成立碳纖維技術(shù)中心,我們可以更好地應(yīng)對(duì)科研挑戰(zhàn)!

    此外,橡樹嶺實(shí)驗(yàn)室還關(guān)注碳纖維復(fù)合材料在其他能源產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,比如風(fēng)機(jī)葉片和塔架。橡樹嶺能源工程科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室副主任Dana Christensen說:“通過使用碳纖維復(fù)合材料降低車重,并降低油耗是下一階段的計(jì)劃,需要政府和企業(yè)通力合作,幫助美國實(shí)現(xiàn)其燃油效率目標(biāo)。在過去的十年里,我們一直努力克服碳纖維復(fù)合材料商業(yè)化成本高和生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的局限性,目前已經(jīng)取得長足進(jìn)步。”

    橡樹嶺先進(jìn)傳輸系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任Ray Boeman介紹新中心接下來研究重點(diǎn)將包括確定低成本碳纖維前體,開發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)化為碳纖維前體的先進(jìn)技術(shù),以及測(cè)試低成本復(fù)合材料的設(shè)計(jì)和制造能力。Boeman說:“新技術(shù)中心將大大加快這些研究工作的進(jìn)程,同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新性研究成果和促進(jìn)碳纖維的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。新研究中心目前正處于試運(yùn)行階段,將對(duì)降低碳纖維成本(至少50%)和改進(jìn)碳纖維大批量應(yīng)用的科技的可擴(kuò)展性進(jìn)行測(cè)試!

    預(yù)計(jì)該中心每年將為其合作伙伴(政府和企業(yè))生產(chǎn)80噸低成本碳纖維,用于評(píng)估和使用。中心目前的主要設(shè)備包括一個(gè)常規(guī)熱碳纖維轉(zhuǎn)換線和熔融紡原絲生產(chǎn)線,并增加一條先進(jìn)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換線作為備用。Boeman表示已經(jīng)有17家單位(來自政府,企業(yè),學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu),金融機(jī)構(gòu))來信表示支持,該技術(shù)中心將進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)ORNL的研究人員和我們的合作伙伴更緊密的合作關(guān)系,幫助培養(yǎng)高技能的人才,增加國內(nèi)就業(yè)和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,日后還將用于教育和培訓(xùn)目的。

關(guān)于ORNL:  

 橡樹嶺國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Oak Ridge National Laboratory,簡稱ORNL)于1943年成立,原稱克林頓實(shí)驗(yàn)室,是目前美國能源部所屬最大的科學(xué)和能源研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。2000年4月以后由田那西大學(xué)和Battelle紀(jì)念研究所合伙管理。 20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代期間,ORNL是從事核能和物理及生命科學(xué)相關(guān)研究的國際中心。70年代成立了能源部后,使得ORNL的研究計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展到能源產(chǎn)生、傳輸和保存領(lǐng)域。ORNL的任務(wù)是開展基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用的研究與開發(fā),提供科學(xué)知識(shí)和技術(shù)上解決復(fù)雜問題的創(chuàng)新方法,增強(qiáng)美國在主要科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里的領(lǐng)先地位;提高潔凈大量能源的利用率;恢復(fù)和保護(hù)環(huán)境以及為國家安全作貢獻(xiàn)。

圖為位于美國田那西州橡樹嶺的橡樹嶺國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室

本文英文原文見(復(fù)材世界), 復(fù)材在線編輯部編譯,有刪改。

ORNL碳纖維研發(fā)的新動(dòng)向
1. 近年,橡樹嶺國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室(ORNL)正在研究低成本的碳纖維復(fù)合材料,用來制造新一代機(jī)動(dòng)車,其目標(biāo)是每加侖汽油可使此機(jī)動(dòng)車行駛80英里;

2. ORNL和北卡羅來納州州立大學(xué)共同進(jìn)行碳纖維原料替代物的研究,有關(guān)人員發(fā)現(xiàn):造紙企業(yè)制漿過程中排出的廢料含有一種稱作“木質(zhì)素(lignin)”的物料,有望用作目前碳纖維原料的替代物;

3. ORNL的研究者們正與汽車制造商合作,共同尋找降低碳纖維復(fù)合材料成本的途徑。 在田納西大學(xué)的支持下,對(duì)來自可再生能源的碳纖維原絲替代物,ORNL的研究者們正在進(jìn)行原材料和紡絲工藝的優(yōu)化工作。研究者們的另一個(gè)工作重點(diǎn)是開發(fā)一種有效的碳纖維氧化工藝,該工藝將提高碳纖維的產(chǎn)量并降低這種原材料的成本。等離子體加工技術(shù)是一種頗具前景的快速氧化原絲纖維的工藝。 ORNL正在建立一條模塊化碳纖維研究試驗(yàn)用生產(chǎn)線來評(píng)估這些新的工藝技術(shù)(來源:中國雜志)。

Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has allocated $34.7 million to establish the Carbon Fiber Technology Center at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA). The project, which will enable the development and commercialization of low-cost carbon fiber for use in composite materials, is being funded through DOE''s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The announcement was part of $104 million in Recovery Act funding for research and testing facilities at seven DOE national laboratories.

"Materials research conducted at this center will help advance the production of lighter-weight vehicles that use less oil and less fuel and produce fewer emissions without compromising comfort, safety or performance," said ORNL director Thom Mason. "These goals are a priority for the nation''s automotive and other industries, and through this project, we can help them address the challenge."

ORNL is also exploring the use of carbon fiber composite materials in other energy-related applications such as blades and towers for wind turbines and industrial technologies. "Decreasing vehicle weight and fuel demand through the use of carbon fiber composite material is a big step government and industry can take together to help America achieve its fuel efficiency goals," said Dana Christensen, associate laboratory director for Energy and Engineering Sciences at ORNL. "During the last 10 years, we''ve made significant progress toward overcoming commercialization barriers caused by high carbon fiber production costs and limited manufacturing technologies."

Ray Boeman, director of ORNL''s Advance Transportation Systems Programs, said ongoing research focus areas include identifying low-cost carbon fiber precursors, developing advanced technologies for converting precursors to carbon fiber, and testing low-cost composite design and manufacturing capabilities.

"The new technology center''s capabilities are expected to advance these research efforts, while enabling development of new innovations and commercialization opportunities," Boeman said. "Operating at a pilot level, the facility will be highly flexible and instrumented to demonstrate and evaluate the scalability of science and technology for lowering carbon fiber costs at least 50 percent and improving affordability of carbon fiber in high volume applications."

The center will be capable of producing up to 80 tons per year of low-cost carbon fiber for evaluation and use by industry and government partners. Primary equipment will include a thermal (conventional) carbon fiber conversion line and a melt-spun precursor fiber production line. Space and utility provisions are planned to add an advanced technology conversion line. Boeman said 17 potential users from industry, academia, economic development agencies, and the government submitted letters of support or commitment for the research center, which also will accommodate educational and training opportunities.

"The technology center will enable ORNL researchers to interface more closely with our partners, helping foster a highly skilled workforce, domestic job growth and economic development," Boeman said.
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